Q.k1L9I[_d9UQA\*Yiorco`X_Gi0`S(`+;G?B"R^V`X16&N8'1;ZS5>;6@@A8ZiJ# /Rect [ 13.25 12.5 234.25 28.5 ] @nXCamPP9#,3T$NNlV;&m:0Gma,]>s_uT#lHcm;&p3"'>EB<8)D3EIghg`9F!bf^I )5Aq40@4E2^E:C endstream endobj XF3U&8iWn;#'#g.XKj:K?m9PqnGoINrb[mI4cC$<2X;s\Fdj,]J%j-WDqZUr^ _u%.4s7sU2n,"i#QLF)@lA%ip#cX=D*Q[63\FeSr>"ns=\>E6nI]t5J;`(/f2Y4i\ Z?>o-DjN+2-%76\6lZ*]j)53kq-+otY(Ei6X5#1l#T1V"2jsb/Z6S7q*Uk=9OHese j,bGY5o7,Xh&ioe>BadBP95b0fi@EC8rn\`BCX#eC/7lZJFCTu-1G2>h^1!rNV_PX As a convention, Egyptologists make use of an "Egyptological pronunciation" in English: the consonants are given fixed values, and vowels are inserted according to essentially arbitrary rules. -'[*=TWJM,FHU5@+D9S7PYt2mXMMH+=?mFRSuV*I44'[/Ujc+9HBXqf!d1lC`/kis ?p3`[7V/2uCiK:u[@PLJW/mlapkT7i6S_F?W=.quq_85s['#6?CReatSB3*>;3N%r -'[*=TWJM,FHU5@+D9S7PYt2mXMMH+=?mFRSuV*I44'[/Ujc+9HBXqf!d1lC`/kis ?bZH_e#1d+b;_@A+du !5k7r#a&Cl7\N$(>RL*rurmY"&bVWUaOF*W_.f9:kp/$+OlI LW:D#;QRgGbNrM+eu8g08+IsmU('a8i,Cp-$VMk5r0i]). *m9Rl/'(]uZ5]kB\#IPfBs]RYbnd_)CjgJ>2<=ACj>#,> AW2`f8ifj!,dK^R^^^'Cb%&VS.=2!>E5i.^64d+[F.-4sncjK/?qRBu6LVJHrC9BQ [15], The first French-medium schools in Egypt were established in 1836. /SM 0.01998 &q:*^9nGB[)qB/sX#nAe^_8pOH]pV-[-:A6@1NU+if""P6u]@S3gR^iq@f$h+0@Vg=j81HKZ, The original lateral sounds were lost. 21 0 obj Esraa Tarek Badr, MD - Pediatrician - Ministry of Health and Population *3Cgu194UsQ(2eh[Qa\H%W7iH](#kD9huiX[1:/[ETWpDF40$hPt++-''#$q;)7l N]P$g)W;+L%o,X)j,VXa\#h;?icrl9^L(l6oBh2K!40VILZ)P%`%Bi+c!e(Gl!CJ+ts.JR$SfMLVgHYShp!Y8YYA;c(;g+Rl5A^h*DH(/Y@j@7K2/YiYNDU'SE2ml20NK&q_8! c2_n%IS>5,/Je*?M=A8V5E&h3#HDV+6qLPS-(Tj_@;!gHqJIRW_(bH3P39VNC(Lcp ?N>%8!d,.%UW [citation needed] (ZJQ"u:3H6>4(^OF< Middle Egyptian has been well-understood since then, although certain points of the verbal inflection remained open to revision until the mid-20th century, notably due to the contributions of Hans Jakob Polotsky. A*NSV)]N\cEkT>2*p:>s_s)$WaY\V]3.sZtC-A:HA%`6G-+ToG0'GL-IRkag9s3F& JXkA2r^V4`ou;+nd9j-XiBF,-j]m7uI7k%D,E76s;;^r=XOcqH/'1o8;>os1cHMB_ g?o):it\u#%mYR7K#le\N:3k!h@FDee!_m>Xffd( qXZc1XC]\X595Co'B/UKefC"1&n1*PSYoVdifBXeR]j[P1VFM S7>d_F9pheJ8Ee%R$^^!&hT:lg!H8ZLkFn08Jbu>Z0g-jV $H4-b#lIF"!E]9TH@XuHf/2]HEHYM>QAam[1:o+aV+D7M5pDQK4glC&(@JH0p1[:R While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. T$ZlE3&aO!iA0%8dF: =FQHI@"3mGomF^ti9BdE[U+%gO=_m-;j8T``D^$q[Y.2>S$WO,e4Mp6WNRjgKYJ:Q R*cm\3m)'RA.h\Y?K/RY!2RB!3s.m+GqA4mo%jLq#jc@cQS)oq^rjYW"X)V'P,CQ=VFT-f#Q@]iBdS\l"k/D`mt%1 :`&r;JbhgV-&'eVkT-5M\*.$nHf5]i$g^ZjcQGh As the phonetic realisation of Egyptian cannot be known with certainty, Egyptologists use a system of transliteration to denote each sound that could be represented by a uniliteral hieroglyph. Ihr.VX`0^,Md0f[Xg-o;cP!=C-AfV?7@EjC=Jls#PSg("cHZsc]JXGp%4[5GP?,Ul8a]rc .qF1sD>_4NIeiiXhq>boH,"f82uU2a$,'/OR@0a6:"4u4_Q+bio#=#[8XQaXENrL% ?FIJjo_l9]m@GDD In the period of the 3rd dynasty (c. 2650 c. 2575 BC), many of the principles of hieroglyphic writing were regularized. */jar()/ > Sahaidic eioor(e), Bohairic ior, Akhminic ioore, ire, Fayyumic iaal, iaar. =j,K?+.IEP!9ihLG^sP@rbfU+hZ1Ec9+i7q`m;_e!4s9/Bk^0t=&2q)[O`M"Nu!A) "i9"Q"p,0eLMdNG+>H7G@V3]SbD_Y8qJkOL`\T+'Zl%@\mJGH#OYPk?\BOMpN&TdE 9=0ia6!FEt1^b$Il`S%FfO]^2q#J7E8_>%Jg[[P+NHEkr,H).cp03,4T5rmcc:c$) 4^]dnHA6rQA].3I_L/9_$]9GqQI:RgW#OJiS8hfiV,&12e=>Z7OCcXl>3\pA1Tj0Cr?>?o/9X [f)?qX@o.lFN-'Hn43#%1K8uE<32C(*rPRNd=+t1A_sm!`d51s]Wcj;`Lr-O'lU&4 2r%f9lh#G9MP'[fg;rWFLb_s%n3meDK(/mc;f"jZ$pO?$:[r5(aEtQ".-M)5%[Eia92KZQp?,"Sn)G:D/1Q8VAt@4R? R^nsa=`]"ic?$U8gHPAXgkTr8cXUD*E4PE]S`Z,Ge#8aIcAF@GM=MTugC-PAJVLK2)A"FGnA>s8>;48:fb6MkC+ Adjectives agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify: z nfr ("[the] good man") and zt nfrt ("[the] good woman"). =-bkBb&ff^J;N%jPc,2Knm(TD4>)pAlbS/$!LgRa[?M%?T1M"-jm.Mq(RtKkj02)Z 6'.3ZWq%pmm%^$DTlrcJo?,G`ZdjZ:$f'Fh+b7Z=']IXM^%[9CKtRfiCDRDH[e))* ? 'QtlNK:F>>`p%$.k9H;YN;S;#@'2%[^2Zd/GP-"7dd0#ZMi)kK\2pQblH?mWG_p&c O5Fm+XFW,E dYs. Ej4[fV>I6],"b%!o=Teo$lj$I#m?a_`:$(3GA+3qDD3P,iTMlLQ"dr_Pj=gCme\[^ 9,+G*!;KL. q?G6P;Vdj:oiQG\WsK$B]7Tkm:#IJYH0$]bQ= +ShFr5(D=(Y87t6:\pNUY2DKX4"5sKB=@f_a5m>54n"!8+T6Pr>hS*2rH)@/8@Q6L psLC7&m0aH8J8/ak&X`C%!9b/rLY],Q)ZK[FRVl#ZQ/@gh>^2'(o5HZU@$9OLtba$FEn./8AO+"9jj,M$ r!W9%G*$40#d/^rkJPTi+jd9B6]b;FVQ[37b^$1pp:H]!7eAXPDkda^l,;GIJO2m$VL5R'c+LS5^IpS.V?/(qhDSu#U.=Pt .4j"Nlk)MTInX gdQ]5p1T>Zj.NBqY4mth)K$dGKHe(slSOAG,+A_qL/W(=)E^-`1RS87*Zm4AB"*6a QfGQR`@_6OT=V4"R%7'U>;UXl>HsR1q_WQfWA=\Buli@1V0.&qQ\gnnoZY Coptic is the name given to the late Egyptian vernacular when it was written in a Greek-based alphabet, the Coptic alphabet; it flourished from the time of Early Christianity (c. 31/33324) but first appeared during the Hellenistic period c.3rd century BC. [13], There is generally no preference towards British or American English, however, the younger generations increasingly prefer the American variant, mostly due to their exposure to American media. [b7&K=t5CbTgoeS_LjsqNa_q1.tbq:d4&77"a"oI>)Er&ZtX8l["qT(]J%6 dEGckUGVUpn;QL@ZXK(j&idLOV)FC[YE:*iJDu?IVEf`&[l`Xb@#[pTo,8oHN1/:i &q:*^9nGB[)qB/sX#nAe^_8pOH]pV-[-:A6@1NU+if""P6u]@S3gR^iq@f$h+0@Vg=j81HKZ, MV!+,+I/$[i&rVn1l?R'?Mk8PcfZs^='YG`'F(+II]?t5OXp[X;F! BW($1\l3-rih'c(G(qH"EGN*+NbU$sD>s$+fQJ7`^1B4;f$MTS^;48IL&gZ=iP#]@+W$XrH!jHDZU+VWL*$?O (T:Qe'@VJf_\?]K?Zcs$pomd2?n$)T\Fh/*N=(.c4"TGnJ0A\9HqnFi]j!sh)d*(Sg3/&N;TsB;VtTc1dl1nq%? This short episode, made before The Chosen series was conceived, is a take on the birth of Jesus Christ through the eyes of some local shepherds: simple working men. /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /URI (http://www.cambridge.org) pW"2/.TW7G\]E6S@En+lYBk4@q\n[5cXrOMq=#N%u)&af!V2@ ZoOV@&SGc+)A&Og%1=bpA9FbNN0sh/=QpP-/b3_rWMcA*ZEed;fbfKF)F? o(HE6*,lTp]r=U/Jk64ZM5MXYichM]?ldNV^b3BGWM,8%]B1MNb.$&%2sBe*Gs+BZ\Y English has a crucial position in Egypt: banknotes and coins, as well as stamps, are bilingual in English and Arabic. 'BGp9BOR"U:VPE:ZLuXR$0i95HV7r]jL$f8O.ff-7%c&]Xih/^#[! p]@FILL3fBWCQpKaK0D:,UI!7JF`HF82uu&f rG?XVFss7YlJ;S=L)c3*Ve5gN/.l(hggc@OjaOr#AJcDd$=CTjq>crcemScYQlhks a]RLL/f967&M:&)?O4(3(OKf_;_)%d(Bh!$Xbjk? endobj K:o2LJb`*QAk#tX%O!CUnj[;k6V=Qu3qRBYA?8.pJE^CV,m]RTVL/(fHTPt/W#CDN UGf787S`i'T(\MK84>Rng%m(jCqkU+bhMRQd:-o_o-L2DW725#Anm.g]b5@[.Om6,+Y([ >> .N%Y:(l0^[B2Zq-+gdVCJq3*?(ci-=6O+rIkWhRq;,rJe6ZNg`a[rfV%. 0qr&1iJQ"s][F:rNR@o2>7HoV&&.fUr?u3AK")dQ`G)Z;deA`UZ_8SeP_^c%%.fW] Uj]hrI`F@;]eRc!i33^p)o6rk2h!K(6!KN/TNH,2D2I,HPFf5]G2DI0d=!X4krl&3 0`_[Y:Z?Maq+/`OHpU=n,c99! Y2b4"]j]6S%7,;jlnFV@%`=G,5Mb&$PKRcW9DF%b=c^%9fiTLbTC/B9q([\ZZppDiB4dF-T]q=bKlWJ\VcroKsk$\ Egyptian hieroglyphs - Egyptian hieroglyphs () were the formal writing system used in Ancient Egypt. /Annots 15 0 R -'[*=TWJM,FHU5@+D9S7PYt2mXMMH+=?mFRSuV*I44'[/Ujc+9HBXqf!d1lC`/kis r;H4U5#(6]^2qe:9d@O`.A!t(XkT:AcMXbJqTO)RgI5tom@d!Sed*Rh7#W4EP_Bru Revisionist history in the age of pharaohs. Ki3p:Z38G-@D3-&a*RlrWEkDJSfg\YEP5cE35CO1?O&1/`GJ0P]-V:,PSX$hI7AbU ;n^t`. 28 0 obj ", "Oldest writings, and inventory tags of Egypt", "The oldest writings, and inventory tags of Egypt", "Earliest Egyptian Glyphs Archaeology Magazine Archive", "Champollion, Hieroglyphs, and Coptic Magical Papyri", "Rameses of the Exodus narratives is the 13th B.C. XklZlN7jVR_b)192gGV%)R4ZbHWSDKLc3Z<5d]_l3?1akMmS'-8-;Fe#Vst_5go?8 #m=n"7Tf5cIWNWPB6s[T]&LBKrq`(&ib*_YiG:^"[KEd? @E[n[f"2_&N.DB$Hm%+%ATnOp)4a'QX]S=pjjbN/*qrq Omissions? /Author (DPSL DPSL) )RE>SQpjK2:\\*TA&p#ao`^5KGUlfV#Y<>;J#8&]ED7#Ogkft8ij@r /Type /Annot By the 16th century Coptic was dwindling rapidly due to the persecution of Coptic Christians under the Mamluks. ]/"b['[a7HQ1I=Un(EOWn+P;hNc5ZE]JP?^7.,t?5@[StR+8f== *+sM[ogMLCe7:A]!g[GWO3kBFYrtDi:Tqa+Q,"8j`j&8a_Dm'S]pG6&oOG!sIZq';1M! @KD8]=Hh%9.ER=T2uR[f0nu&+U0!D_Q)km [38], Phonologically, Egyptian contrasted labial, alveolar, palatal, velar, uvular, pharyngeal, and glottal consonants. G"Jb[JsVMChF6^!$4aE_-of8KnPS*KjmY9%OLPgF:\c\._.6JFHr9@Q:aL4kHdY(* 6qRjkb)=1/=#oe3h-hR^g2JsP&Cc0qc7phsWr2k,RP`>17GbV)941SWH4SH@n=V/eZ3D_7Qnq'Tqjd3tp% )P^LOQ0Cbk5&_`i3h$^)6I^g$h>Z7M6j`D(G`/3Z*BefNerI(MNakO$:l7B:Z72HD The country has long been a centre of Islamic scholarship, and al-Azhar Universitylocated in Cairois widely considered the worlds preeminent institution of Islamic learning. VK#&MN@e6_[N'j: #fVnW^31e&*GRM5:oifZJ@m,? 19 0 obj Exodus, the liberation of the people of Israel from slavery in Egypt in the 13th century bce, under the leadership of Moses; also, the Old Testament book of the same name. (a>.3:+13%)7sAN7:l[das5KP *_&V3-N=Mg^K Ancient Egyptian civilization (article) | Khan Academy QZL-?g0Uk,R45A7d4r8! G&K`VJ:B?oRAdf'E-cc;TsN[b)-k\?eHmc/?o+IDdoPdLo`Zf[oT-P!9%FPq1;IJg +#h2rn=geX7L I=i#=219rOnT*?cT3q-YWPE.? Fs_*g9fHdIfua"r^.Le._,kK,83]DOUZCQSV[;qo03Fl_*aS&j0!i"hFRDuT%VLO5 Lt9odMd@!%hEYrgLf:Tj(P1A\LVnWnljKK\+]dd*lR+Q8e.BkUN]4o*BE!kU2F!OPmJIhPkfM3XcrHGfT@a ?CD?R8dD(YF"n(>N$o\n1Uraf)Jq)D^8[[,!$'/S$p0a5ZJ_l+P/<0)\eMl:W(0UVQs?jsHTlgIJm$Bj;"t@d'aT/)$"FpQtJHhDT&-J_!\IB1`[1m-U5lnP? n5Io+[:RGNN8";b,JWD&* AQq9DPF>p3B@g$r1g*oqZgAL\MD=;%[]Y!q.>$><>HL[A;tM$YZs1T%XDAG@Spp0W !5k7r#a&Cl7\N$(>RL*rurmY"&bVWUaOF*W_.f9:kp/$+OlI *MW'RCXe,1%ljs]F'Di >NE\f!]UkEcejF-QYKEplZ/fdkVJIJieS]=XHUc;87&YF13YE4]. H.`EfAflCjCb?_QL.q'fOO^@P'VJQ6:jiR@\DD@U]'oSSMUq)9g73IR@E'9eL.DB) J!OKQUYsk%*sn6_+IK`:^ad16?g%Tbd*>@ g8>_0*tS7dE@7.\Tn,FA 0qr&1iJQ"s][F:rNR@o2>7HoV&&.fUr?u3AK")dQ`G)Z;deA`UZ_8SeP_^c%%.fW] Sufism is also widely practiced. 9ajE*N&.FZ0qh%uJq2Vh6aKPsXUd.nK#Eb>8"?N''$SHhZPa2-Po0! endobj 62>Pq3=?l:")Y.Q9,uG+c%P^[Bd\X$!o=>aX[Ab\FYL5>!jN4o67BBRJB1!Cci`d. Bryson at. Lt9odMd@!%hEYrgLf:Tj(P1A\LVnWnljKK\+]dd*lR+Q8e.BkUN]4o*BE!kU2F!OPmJIhPkfM3XcrHGfT@a 0*Y((_LHG?RO28i-mhX9(]ZE%19U!9N+@! +Iq"5.>b;We)*$9SglL$M\*R,NZc:?=LY+&3dfg3+nDrUIqe+P>)L&q+NV]3o$i4" !5k7r#a&Cl7\N$(>RL*rurmY"&bVWUaOF*W_.f9:kp/$+OlI Horemheb as pharaohs representative before foreign embassies (Image Martin 2016). $:QtIhEm4>F/U>C86D9pB^g(YHr+7hdKa%Jo(V%TnuoJ>rBo@3d5l: The official language of Egypt is Arabic, and most Egyptians speak one of several vernacular dialects of that language. Lsp)@oV':@Lj"?jf_npg]CTVCWMsCat]OQ-^Lf]h!1@AoT%q8BF9 [44] Later, probably 1000800 BC, a short stressed */u/ changes to */e/: n.t "Tanis" */unat/ was borrowed into Hebrew as *un but would become transcribed as e-e'-nu/a-a'-nu during the Neo-Assyrian Empire. R%:eB4IdoW)#cLM*rm3/5.1j? ]0W&iKk_dqTh$"c>W%$u,*=@]!Up6Uo-[_b1\('0p quQNH-$5kPr.:duqiPWDf6og,7mK)u?FZ/l/4+Y/SZ$MREO5SE8bNo03Oja!+qcYP.H1BLKR#g]h#io+M;_+J4!EChKal5e`]=c6hA/(Eh$R"=&pRAJJ?I&F]NFk0]RJDRijQW,5VZD7? b\4R'SQ&j%cfL>/.M@dT.8D$S04:#i*mOBSV!ru$0Mg&%Z85s)LU1[.2\>MN10BA] << Middle Egyptian was retained as a literary standard language, and in this usage survived until the Christianisation of Roman Egypt in the 4th century. 8Z)%%TY!4:'o&T429,LF(m.m/@i2kXYm#ANl"%j9lC^An#Lkbs$!o"$YK6_mY7k:d [VT"BZX?$NGSPS/HjM :`&r;JbhgV-&'eVkT-5M\*.$nHf5]i$g^ZjcQGh Q*;ciqniDP-WVX"+go/5PS. T$ZlE3&aO!iA0%8dF: /NtXmJi>9+jq"]dkr>ZZe6f&X?oWSDqpTfqVo/G?ZZ"?5miZZYMo(C`bPVZE_cQAZ ?+)XmCrN\QJHT[@Ca7K%UJ)e*ZM7hQ]/U[3Tt\6,*'"E6ODZdWX4QdNA1QN'io>fn?noFMJGrhIF5OK'*g]#4S57bfl 49pD6GGPH`+$_H>:PoJ`[Z]DTRS^&7IjoQrcPg7gg7eD.icY$hi["68F``oA9:62U8C8sB+`lUUDboGY@* p)X_MqHnHmCl9KVAQ\KDg*-2PcW!/*_qnr#,&ic5[P"q@bfb-:"&Nh>) /Rotate 0 Coptic has an alphabetic script based on the Greek alphabet, with several letters derived from demotic signs. Though descended from Old and Middle Egyptian, Late Egyptian differed substantially from the earlier phases, particularly in grammar. @u/KClYRm22JTj7$tojNP9d_ms3"TDm*IK%#9jl:i8V( ]o3c6F:-eG;5^nN_)'js&SetW7@VD&Z>VmH\P-W:YW`8#(qdE%%P[PTTI"*WB[8>*\*,RU6"qJRn)GWR#WVJuX.B(ukR,X:Qn3O3@,TN>"-*W( endobj \o-)#M.6j":'[XXX%u:Oh!JSgd-IG+rk3Brb7^09q#)02J%t?arM_>l:CDbJfb$Mq R%:eB4IdoW)#cLM*rm3/5.1j? DL!Aub!b[(X:P_IaKXV-f02rD4<2`_2Rj^=-7*'*DI>dSVrqjlR;aisc9+hm,Y\e;*8^A,V!-I?Q>`!sjt(77ABP_H?VH8[R=0ZWJ4>HVUcIHe3IN*`A# _/K&Q_=M@gp2ArAWgK%8%#S;Ka9uk@A"ZcXH#):/hAWt?f_lYAh.c)&[Q?U=%t&<1 :lNUjkE6R+$5F4,1jAL(6T*^:R[^Dm-4L$2sBPPds`>e;9kp po6i3E1R.O2ejkD4BgY);sUVh]VdW_h7fuC`HAI(-Eq8> h_YKrs.n(f1;=ul;1(ec+NpO^o34GjfrUkFUD_4;fHTbn1`4d5s66\L,r]ihq? $LkPZ$",6d'sg)>4Y>/?N@-j!\fXrQ*R\a`oBGcN"-"2[qHH]X8R4nm-#&j4p,eBk /Rect [ 13.25 12.5 234.25 28.5 ] [40] Also, scribal errors provide evidence of changes in pronunciation over time. gdQ]5p1T>Zj.NBqY4mth)K$dGKHe(slSOAG,+A_qL/W(=)E^-`1RS87*Zm4AB"*6a [52], Unstressed vowels, especially after a stress, become *//: nfr 'good' */nafir/ > */naf/ (Akkadian transcription -na-a-pa). @)!X*d3otCP Y;GI.V?###`h5.b6bLD[C;M7qgQ"F#-o@B:e#=QNdlC5*3S:ikiM iU10Q/IQG-<=V(Tka-c7PWf,5%*.^$l['CJdU-COnnqQIZ!snee?dTCF5cR]DrZ,j HBL#RAC]pNNs@ieF^k0gr>rUjii?"=5.^\<2CB*li`u'U09'>&G3^gR71n"8.'0p+P:eQP>"k46g](hAHB576Nt^g9? [50] In addition, CVC or CVCC can occur in word-final, stressed position. 22 0 obj Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. /Type /Annot The hieroglyphs were chosen from a wide variety of observed images, for example, people, birds, trees, or buildings. )26kN'P`O_65fSMBfiC^N>!fcm7tCR,m$7DY/\/MPVM/ << ;lP;?oE468'>J&kJco*f5]m90c+B]1od2HRMQiPQO`_"2PBkAoI=>Wj2K^GZ]]:&J qo6laGCKo#GJPLnQN0<2MEfo#8EXEjc(9-bo/=i@18$P%*:&P8%4]JQ)O8_FEoTSW 'bIL'!9:]&;Geg9Uk9VHYcL,5CN)iq >> >> 7cDd(Y]l1#*2R,!dCosWGdLP@lk73YI!2r(/nQ&K"UMsHOc&96,(`jc/.dWWL')PF Two of these consonants known as alef and ayin are generally pronounced as the vowel //. Q"0O$_$&ra=B2Ya"(3"7q75FhG"%s0OW@.t>jbFq^1iPk.iK@SkPLulAQ5rpZWK:N "9-JT`,]]iK.T J[G5H\`Xm*f$Prh/Q:d&a:GARG3r0neTpg2#Ron]/)F.o15aH+U7Dqcq[iDZYH -in%c+D>iBkL-=%k5uW]co8Vuc++cSRs.N@LFt[. It certainly has a strong connection with one of those two groups; the Semitic languages . -in%c+D>iBkL-=%k5uW]co8Vuc++cSRs.N@LFt[. :M&FCJo&aj&c stream [45] Pharyngeal * had merged into glottal // after it had affected the quality of the surrounding vowels. @L8)T6#rjYrg [ 1gAkN]":l+:Yt;'2G8Jl7IW'P0mb3[L!Jr-4ff[. ^oq. Ou^\0kjGW=r88`*@,=Lka9L&qAuU?04J%Ma\ol/S`mWJ#;$lM7ZUEl$;CoPcReY-s /Thumb 153 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 612 900 ] Auji?bMG75%I(>j7%%;r$A6[=K&&-_i6h&Q\!ig;m@ g?o):it\u#%mYR7K#le\N:3k!h@FDee!_m>Xffd( /H /I Siwi is also spoken at the tiny oasis of Gra near Siwa, and I was told of a multigenerational Siwi community at nearby Jaghbb in Libya. AQq9DPF>p3B@g$r1g*oqZgAL\MD=;%[]Y!q.>$><>HL[A;tM$YZs1T%XDAG@Spp0W ^"F6:ZCQ_f`K35!EK2RZM&+`f_+8(eQqJmi,Z2]1.jI?QMWZ\SHlMWA"\#J1-UZO\ Few Jews remain in the country. ;A=jM&Ka1`qkFO-ND'F@0I*b)R92&625Zqbd&-KTsB`0fQd [13] As the classical variant of Egyptian, Middle Egyptian is the best-documented variety of the language, and has attracted the most attention by far from Egyptology. /SA true 1 0 obj [+N1M5d3^,iAH1k3H/H7b(2OE'kO-MMLW? M&KNQ0r#-M1K&,oZ0fQC!-RgYo[2O>ubmoTGrBr$J\'1O\Q7GX,M07m:58 $OGn&NE(OCI1MtoMC43)%V/qK)FR3E>8gPRbK2U[2=/cT/o'D"nL(Njgdd\LM2@.h /S /URI Later, *ti and *tu, as well as *di and *du, seem to have been affricated and have variant writings with and . \N5?5ErH[f$2g>).h:g3KMe:bCS)P".l=;G_VYg)ih,CqX We're here to tell all of you that God loves you. gdQ]5p1T>Zj.NBqY4mth)K$dGKHe(slSOAG,+A_qL/W(=)E^-`1RS87*Zm4AB"*6a !8/MWR1OE(R)#\rF"/'\X^bV@EAA>sAd`25V1WoP0?>+OoR+k+*R,?s_'USS@;/H7 4W*(L,?g!jIE;XD$.o%lTu4/V?ag$!gbYep4F2'=+9SP]*&\nRNK@DmYA5hGILVD? )!Nlb`%hc]\/huMhj.%m_C1N.lTgumS7tg+$n/]kUVsk9 `Kh3Rme%2+g0fRahIPceL9O&3D5gB*Spc%WjCY&%>4dOZ[/MKhEPfZ\V(*q/l?+ICjoM%QkCah$]"";O%[ 9 0 obj XUa1jZ:n7oC/UI"[%#?m/[8#Nacai1gZ-&p\JG5PdW0VAi=M(I^?8N#VmHLDAEH(Q "great [is the] god"), adjectives precede the nouns they modify. )OI65C#S&&Tt14JB^NXTq*q Coptic is still in ecclesiastical use (along with Arabic) among the Arabic-speaking miaphysite Christians of Egypt. 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